Polyether amine modification of polypropylene

ABSTRACT

A compound comprising a blend of polypropylene with the reaction of a functionalized polypropylene and polyether amine in which the polyetheramine is grafted into the functionalized polypropylene in a customary mixing apparatus is disclosed. The blend may include an elastomer such as EP rubber and/or a filler such as glass. A process for producing the reaction product of the functionalized polypropylene and the polyether amine by melting with polypropylene in a customary mixing apparatus is also disclosed. Blends of the present invention are advantageously useful to prepare paintable automotive body parts.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/962,788, filed Nov. 3, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,667, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/499,521 filed Jul. 7, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,783,630, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 08/222,508 Apr. 4, 1994, now abandoned, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/090,675, filed Jul. 13, 1993, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a novel olefin polymer composed of the reaction of a functionalized polypropylene and a polyetheramine. This invention also relates to thermoplastic resin blends containing the novel olefin polymer and polypropylene.

2. Related Art

The in situ formation of compatibilizers for polyblends is rapidly gaining popularity. In the last few years, more and more cases have been reported where advantage is taken of the presence of reactive groups to form a graft or a block or a random copolymer, which could act as a compatibilizer For a mixture of two or more polymers. The prior art, Process Requirements of the Reactive Compatibilization of Nylon 6/Polypropylene Blends by S. S. Dagli, M. Xanthos and J. A. Biensenberger: Polymer Processing Institute at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N.J. 07030 reveals an acrylic acid grafted modified polypropylene used with a blend of nylon-6 and polypropylene.

Thermoplastic resin compositions containing polypropylene are well known in the art (e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,081). U.S. Pat. No. 5,179,164 describes a polypropylene/polyamide composition suitable for producing moldings. The patent describes an ethylene copolymer useful as an adhesion promoter. Moreover, the patent indicates that maleic acid is a suitable monomer for preparing the ethylene copolymer.

In addition, maleated polypropylene is commercially available.

European patent application 0 367 832 discloses a resin composition containing an olefinic polymer having acid anhydride groups. As in U.S. Pat. No. 5,179,164, the novel compound is blended with a polyamide.

Japanese patent 46003838 reveals a maleic anhydride modified polypropylene composition containing triethylamine and polyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether. Japanese patent 60195120 reveals a molding containing polyethylene, maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene, and diethylenetriamine.

However, the instant invention uses the maleic anhydride in conjunction with polyetheramines which produce unexpected improvements in resin properties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is a compound comprising a blend of polypropylene ("PP") with the reaction product of a functionalized polypropylene and polyetheramine in which the polyether amine is grafted onto the functionalized polypropylene in a customary mixing apparatus. By grafted it is meant that the amine functionality of the polyetheramine reacts with the anhydride component of the functionalized polypropylene to form a reaction product, for instance, a primary amine will react with a maleic anhydride to form an imide. This invention is also a process for producing the reaction product of the functionalized polypropylene and the polyether amine by melting with polypropylene in a customary mixing apparatus. In this regard, the compound blend of this invention may be prepared by reactive extrusion by feeding a polyetheramine, a functionalized polypropylene and polypropylene into an extruder at temperatures such that the polyetheramine reacts with the functionalized polypropylene to form a reaction product containing, for example, an imide group.

The compositions of the present invention are useful for preparing molded automotive body parts, including directly paintable thermoplastic polyolefins ("TPO") based automotive body parts.

It is also contemplated that the compositions are useful for making molded parts that contain filler such as glass. It is yet further contemplated that the compositions of the present invention may be useful in the preparation of films, including printable films; fibers including dyable and non-woven PP fibers; and in packaging materials for electronics components such as semiconductor chips, wherein the packaging materials may provide electrostatic dissipation which would thereby protect the chips from damage. It is yet further contemplated that the composition of the present invention may be useful to improve the barrier properties for polyethylene and to modify polyethylene as a tie layer in multilayer films. It is further contemplated that the composition of the present invention may be useful as an additive as polypropylene based reinforcement fibers for concrete.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The blend of polypropylene with the reaction product of maleated polypropylene and polyether amine shows improved paintability, improved impact resistance, and excellent mold flowability over blends of polypropylene and maleated polypropylene.

Plastics are increasingly being employed in the production of motor vehicles. Impact-modified PP has proved to be particularly suitable for applications such as bumpers, spoilers, fenders, side bump strips and the like. Therefore, a thermoplastic resin blend having the improved properties of the instant invention has significant potential commercial usefulness.

These resin compositions, according to the present invention, are useful as engineering plastics which are materials for structural members in the fields of transport machines (automobiles, ships and the like), apparatus, tools, electronic appliances, electric appliances, sporting goods, leisure goods and the like; and for connectors, tubes and the like.

Suitable polypropylenes are known from polymer chemistry, are described for example in Kunststoff-Handbuch, volume IV, Polyolefins, edited by R. Vieweg, A. Schley and A. Schwarz. Carol Hanser Verlag, Munich, 1969, and are commercially available, so that no details need be given.

Functionalized PP is PP onto which a monomer has been grafted. The usual method of such grafting is by free radical reaction. In the practice of this invention, the maleated polypropylene is not a copolymer of maleic anhydride or equivalent thereof, and propylene, such that the maleic anhydride moiety is predominantly in the backbone of the copolymer. Suitable monomers for preparing functionalized polypropylene are, for example, olefinically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and the corresponding tert-butyl esters, e.g., tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., fumaric acid, maleic acid, and itaconic acid and the corresponding mono-and/or di-tert-butyl esters, e.g., mono- or di-tert-butyl fumarate and mono- or di-tert-butyl maleate, olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., maleic anhydride, sulfo- or sulfonyl-containing olefinically unsaturated monomers of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., p-styrenesulfonic acid, 2-(meth)acrylamide-2-methylpropenesulfonic acid or 2-sulfonyl(meth)acrylate, oxazolinyl-containing olefinically unsaturated monomers of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., vinyloxazolines and vinyloxazoline derivatives, and epoxy-containing olefinically unsaturated monomers of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., glycidyl (meth)acrylate or allyl glycidyl ether. The most preferred monomer for preparing functionalized polypropylene is maleic anhydride.

The functionalized polypropylene used in the practice of this invention may have a wide variety of number average molecular weights. When the functionalized polypropylene is used to make paintable articles, such as automotive body parts, the functionalized polypropylene preferably has a number average molecular weight greater than about 3,000 and preferably less than about 20,000, more preferably less than about 10,000. A representative example of a maleated polypropylene that is currently commercially available is under the name EPOLENE E-43, available from Eastman Chemical. Such relatively low molecular weight functionalized polypropylenes, when reacted with polyetheramines in accordance with the practice of this invention, appears to render the resulting extruded compositions more readily paintable. In other applications wherein the functionalized polypropylene is employed, such as when a glass filler is added to increase stiffness and strength, a higher average number molecular weight greater than about 40,000 and less than about 60,000 may be employed. Generally, glass filler and polypropylene are not miscible, and their combination commonly leads to voids in the resulting compositions. The relatively higher molecular weight materials "wet" the glass to make the glass filler particles and polypropylene more combinable to thereby decrease the amount of voids in the resulting compositions.

Suitable anhydride functionalized polypropylene include the following structures: ##STR1## wherein PP is polypropylene. In these structures, it should be appreciated that the polypropylene can be bonded to one or two monomers when the polypropylene is linear, while more than two monomers might be included when the propylene is branched. Typically, one or two monomers are present.

Suitable polyetheramines include monamines, diamines and triamines, having a molecular weight of from about 150 to about 12,000. Preferred polyetheramines have a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 3,000. Suitable monamines include JEFFAMINE M-1000, JEFFAMINE M-2070, and JEFFAMINE M-2005. Suitable diamines include JEFFAMINE ED-6000, JEFFAMINE ED-4000, JEFFAMINE ED-2001, JEFFAMINE D-2000, JEFFAMINE D-4000, JEFFAMINE ED-900, JEFFAMINE ED-600, and JEFFAMINE D-400. Suitable triamines include JEFFAMINE ET-3000, JEFFAMINE T-3000 and JEFFAMINE T-5000¹. Preferred polyetheramines include JEFFAMINE M-2070 and JEFFAMINE ED-2001. More preferred polyetheramines of the present invention have a molecular weight in the range from about 1500 to about 2000. In the practice of this invention, monoamines and diamines are preferred. Suitable polyether blocks for the polyetheramine include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, poly(1,2-butylene glycol), and poly(tetramethylene glycol). The glycols can be aminated using well known methods to produce the polyetheramines. Generally, the glycols are prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or combination thereof using well known methods such as by a methoxy or hydroxy initiated reaction. When both ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are used, the oxides can be reacted simultaneously when a random polyether is desired, or reacted sequentially when a block polyether is desired.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the polyetheramines are prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or combinations thereof. Generally, when the polyetheramine is prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or combinations thereof, the amount of ethylene oxide on a molar basis is greater than about 50 percent of the polyetheramine, preferably greater than about 75 percent and more preferably greater than about 90 percent. In one embodiment of this invention, polyols and amines including polyalkylene polyamines and alkanol amines or any amine that is not a polyetheramine as disclosed herein may be absent from the composition. Similarly, functional groups other than ether linkages and amine groups may be absent from the polyetheramine. The polyether amines used in the practice of this invention can be prepared using well known amination techniques such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,654,370. Generally, the polyether amines are made by aminating a polyol, such as a polyether polyol with ammonia in the presence of a catalyst such as a nickel containing catalyst such as a Ni/Cu/Cr catalyst.

The mixing of the functionalized PP and polyetheramine and optionally also PP may be carried out in a customary mixing apparatus including batch mixers, continuous mixers, kneaders, and extruders. For most applications, the preferred mixing apparatus is an extruder.

Besides the PP/functionalized-PP/polyetheramine structural components according to the invention, the resin composition may, to improve the impact strength, contain impact modifiers, advantageously impact-modifying elastomers. Impact-modifying elastomers for the instant invention are known to a skilled worker. Examples are rubbers based on ethylene, propylene, butadiene, and acrylates, e.g. methacrylates, or mixtures thereof. Other examples include EP and EPDM rubbers, with EP rubber (ethylene propylene rubber) being preferred in applications where automotive body parts are being prepared. A representative example of a currently commercially available EP rubber is sold under the name VISTALON 878 by Exxon Chemical.

Suitable impact-modifying elastomers are described for example in Methoden der organischen Chemie (Houben-Weyl), volume XIV/1, Makromolekulare Chemie (Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961), pages 390 to 406, and in the monograph by C. B. Bucknal, Toughened Plastics (Applied Publishers, London, 1977).

A composition containing polypropylene and elastomers, such as EP rubber, is commonly referred to as a "TPO," which stands for thermoplastic polyolefin. TPO's are commonly used in the manufacture of molded automotive body parts, such as bumper fascias. Such molded parts may also contain other components such as fillers, as described hereinbelow. TPO-based compositions can be prepared in the same manner as for non-elastomer-containing compositions. TPO's are commonly sold in compounded or reactor grades. Representative examples of TPO which are currently available commercially are described below in the paragraphs preceding Examples 18-27.

It is contemplated that the polyetheramine and functionalized polypropylene, and optionally a small amount of PP or TPO, can be reacted to form a reaction product concentrate and, later, the reaction product concentrate can be blended with polypropylene or TPO. In this aspect of the invention, the polyetheramine comprises from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of the concentrate. When the reaction product of polyether amine and maleated PP is prepared neat, the reaction product can be blended or compounded with polypropylene or TPO and any other components of the desired composition to the desired levels using a mixing apparatus such as an extruder. It should be understood that PP may be commonly used to dilute the reaction. Depending on the type of mixer, the reaction product, polypropylene and any other components can be thoroughly mixed as solids prior to introducing the admixture in the mixing apparatus. Alternatively, mixers are available which will mix the components during operation. In either case, during operation of the mixer, the components are heated to melt the solids, with the melted components being thereafter mixed to form the final composition.

In addition to the structural components of PP, functionalized-PP, and polyetheramine and any impact modifier contained in a resin composition according to the instant invention, the resin may also contain reinforcing agents and/or additives. The reinforcing agents used may be reinforcing fillers, for example, carbon or carbon fibers; clay, chalk, talc, and mica to control shrinkage and control coefficient of thermal expansion; glass (beads or fibers) to increase stiffness. Further, the fillers may be finished with adhesion promoters and/or sizing agents. In addition, phosphite or hindered phenol or both can be added as a stabilizer (as a free radical scavenger).

When compositions include a glass filler, the composition can contain up to about 40% glass filler if highly stiff compositions are desired. More typically, from about 2% to about 10% glass filler in the composition is employed. Advantageously, the compositions of the present invention that contain glass filler generally are substantially free of voids that typically develop in compositions containing polypropylene and glass. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the reaction product of polyether amine and maleated polypropylene serves to "wet" the glass to thereby make the glass and polypropylene more combinable (more miscible). In this aspect of the invention, it is preferred to employ maleated polypropylene having an average molecular weight of about 40,000 to about 60,000, as is described hereinabove.

The preferred functionalized polypropylene is a maleated polypropylene having the following structure: ##STR2## wherein PP is polypropylene.

The preferred polyetheramines are monoamines and diamines. The preferred monoamines as well as the preferred triamines have a molecular weight of from about 200 to about 4000. The preferred diamines have a molecular weight of from about 148 to about 6000. More preferred monoamines and diamines have a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 3,000.

The preferred reaction product between the preferred functionalized polypropylene, maleated polypropylene, and the preferred polyetheramine has the following formula: ##STR3## wherein a is from about 5 to 50,000, for b:c from about 0:100 to 100:0, x is from about 1 to 3, and R is hydrogen or an alkyl radical having a functionality of x (i.e., if x is 2, R is a divalent), the alkyl radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Suitable thermoplastic resin compositions may contain from about 66 to about 80 wt % PP, from about 20 to about 30 wt % maleated PP and from about 2 to about 10 wt % polyetheramine. When the compositions include elastomers, such as in TPO-based compositions used to make automotive body parts, the compositions generally comprise from about 5 to about 40 wt % maleated PP, from about 2 to about 10 wt % polyetheramine and from about 50 to about 93 wt % PP, such percentages based on the weights of these components of the composition. Preferred compositions that include elastomers comprise about 15 to about 30 wt % maleated PP, from about 2 to about 8 wt % polyetheramine and from about 62 to about 83 wt % PP.

The preferred customary mixing apparatus is an extruder in which the polyetheramine is grafted onto the maleated polypropylene at from about 175 to 300° C. in the course of a residence time of from about 25 to 300 seconds. For typical compositions of this invention, degradation begins to occur above this temperature range and below this range the compositions generally do not melt. Polypropylene is a non-reactive component of the mixing blend. The preferred temperature range is from about 190 to 260° C.

Molded articles prepared from compositions according to the present invention are generally directly paintable. Representative examples of paints commonly employed for this purpose include urethane-based and melamine-based paints. Such paints may be applied using conventional techniques. Advantageously, compositions of the present invention may be painted directly without chlorine pretreatment and optionally without primer, though a primer may be used.

In the examples, continuous compounding was carried out in a Werner & Pfleiderer 30 mm twin screw extruder (ZSK30), having a nine barrel configuration, three kneading zones and one vent section, in which the feed sequence was a combined feed in which all the components fed at the same location (hopper of the extruder).

The following examples which illustrate the nature of the instant invention are not intended to be limitative. In the examples, a stoichiometric excess of maleic functionality on the maleated polypropylene is used relative to the amount of amine functionality on the polyetheramine.

EXAMPLES 1-6

Blends of PP, maleated PP (MAL-PP), and JEFFAMINE M2070 produced in an extruder exhibit characteristics in percent compositions as shown in Table 1 in which the remaining percent is PP:

                  TABLE 1                                                          ______________________________________                                                Example                                                                          1       2       3     4     5     6                                   ______________________________________                                         % MAL-PP 20              30                                                    % M2070  0       2       4     0     2     4                                     FM, psi 284K 255K 226K 289K 256K 201K                                          StY, psi 8660 7980 7030 8750 7830 6170                                         TE, % 8 16 10 4 13 5                                                           TSt, psi 4990 4770 4280 5000 4630 3720                                         NI, ftlb/in 0.161 0.220 0.386 0.123 0.139 0.220                                UnI, ftlb/in 12 14 10 10 14 5                                                ______________________________________                                          where:                                                                         FM--flexural modulus                                                           StY--stress at yield                                                           TE--Tensile elongation                                                         TSt--tensile strength                                                          NI--notched izod impact                                                        UnI--unnotched izod impact                                               

EXAMPLES 7-10

Table 2 reveals the effects of JEFFAMINE M2070 (M) as compared to JEFFAMINE ED2001 (ED) in which either is blended with from about 76 to 78 wt % of PP, and from about 20 wt % of MAL-PP in an extruder.

                  TABLE 2                                                          ______________________________________                                                  Example                                                                        7      8         9        10                                          ______________________________________                                         J. Type    M        ED        M      ED                                        % JEFF.    2                  4                                                FM, psi     255K     246K      226K   230K                                       StY, psi 7980 7730 7030 7140                                                   TE, %  16  10  10  16                                                          TSt, psi 4770 4560 4280 4420                                                   NI, ftlb/in  14  15  10  18                                                    UnI, ftlb/in  14  15  10  18                                                 ______________________________________                                          where:                                                                         FM--flexural modulus                                                           StY--stress at yield                                                           TE--Tensile elongation                                                         TSt--tensile strength                                                          NI--notched izod impact                                                        UnI--unnotched isoz impact.                                              

EXAMPLES 11-17

Table 3 reveals the percent paint adhesion of various compositions of PP, maleated PP, and the JEFFAMINES indicated relative to a control sample wherein the blends were produced in an extruder.

                  TABLE 3                                                          ______________________________________                                         Exam-                             Paint                                          ple PP MAL-PP % J. Type Adhesion Control                                     ______________________________________                                         11    76%    20%      4% JEFFAMINE                                                                               62%     2%                                        M1000                                                                       12 76% 20% 4% JEFFAMINE 28%  4%                                                   ED-6000                                                                     13 74% 20% 6% JEFFAMINE 46%  4%                                                   ED-6000                                                                     14 74% 20% 6% JEFFAMINE 40%  4%                                                   ED-4000                                                                     15 74% 20% 6% JEFFAMINE 77% 21%                                                   M-2070                                                                      16 72% 20% 8% JEFFAMINE 40% 21%                                                   M-2070                                                                      17 72% 20% 8% JEFFAMINE 68% 21%                                                   M-2001                                                                    ______________________________________                                    

In the following Examples 18-27, there are shown modified TPO-based (thermoplastic olefin-based) compositions including polyether amines of the present invention (in Tables 18A, 19A, 20A, 21A, 22A, 23A, 24A, 25A, 26A, and 27A), the physical properties of the compositions (in Tables 18B, 19B, 20B, 21B, 22B, 23B, 24B, 25B, 26B, and 27B) and the paint adhesion of the compositions (in Tables 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C, 23C, 24C, 25C, 26C, and 27C). In the Tables shown in Examples 18-27, the following phrases have the indicated meanings:

"HIMONT CA53A" is a reactor grade TPO containing polypropylene ("PP") and ethylene propylene rubber ("EP rubber") obtained from Himont, which may be described as having medium melt flow.

"Phenol" is ETHANOX 330 which is a hindered phenol stabilizer obtained from Albemarle.

"EPOLENE E-43" i s a maleated PP obtained from Eastman Chemical, having about 4 wt % maleation as determined from proton nmr.

"HIMONT LB150161" is a reactor grade TPO having a high melt flow.

"AMOCO 1016" is a PP having a melt flow rate at 230° C. of about 5 g/min. as indicated by the supplier, Amoco Chemical.

"DEXFLEX D-161" is a compounded TPO of PP and EP rubber which is described as having medium melt flow by the supplier, Dutch State Mines ("DSM").

"NICHIBAN" refers to the tradename of a tape obtained from a Japanese company.

"STAMYLAN P" is an impact EP copolymer containing 5-10% ethylene in the backbone obtained from DSM having a melt flow at 230° C./2.16 Kg using an 150 R1133 procedure of 4.7 dg/min. as reported by the supplier, DSM.

"KELTAN TP-0552-2" is a TPO having a melt flow at 230° C./2.16 Kg using an ISO R1133 procedure of 6.5 as reported by the supplier, DSM.

"VISTALON 878" is an EP rubber available from Exxon Chemical.

"W/IPA" means with isopropanol wipe prior to painting and "W/O IPA" means without isopropanol wipe painting.

In Examples 18-27, the sample compositions were injection molded to prepare type I tensile bars, which were used in the adhesion tests. The following procedures were used in these examples.

A hand mixed blend of polypropylene, maleated polypropylene, polyether amine and an antioxidant is produced and added to the feed hopper. The extruder heater bands are set to the following profile: feed throat 200° C., 220° C., 220° C., 220° C., 220° C., 220° C. die face.

The blend is fed into the feed throat of a Werner Pfleiderer ZSK30 twin screw extruder. The compounded product is cooled in a water bath and pelletized.

Test specimens were injection molded using an ENGEL 55 ton injection molding machine using the following conditions:

Heating Zones

    ______________________________________                                         Nozzle     199° C.                                                                         196° C.                                                                         196° C.                                                                       196° C.                                                                       Feed Zone                                 Mold Temperature  27° C.                                              ______________________________________                                    

Physical test specimens were allowed to equilibrate at 24° C. and at 50% relative humidity for 48 hours. Tensile measurements were made according to ASTM D638 on an INSTRON frame using a crosshead speed of 10 cm/min. Flexural properties were measured according to ASTM D790 using a crosshead speed of 1.25 cm/min. Izod impact properties were measured according to ASTM D256.

Dynamical mechanical spectrometry (DMS) was performed using a RHEOMETRICS RDS-II. Injection molded bars measuring 12 mm×50 mm×3 mm were tested in rectangular torsion mode at 1 hz. Strains imposed upon the samples were typically between 0.05% and 0.2%. Measurements were shown to be strain insensitive over the region investigated. The storage and the loss moduli as well as tan delta were measuring from -120° C. up through the melting of the samples, using a heating rate of 2° C./min. in a nitrogen atmosphere. Samples were tested after conditioning at 240C and 50% relative humidity for 24 hours.

Paint adhesion testing involved painting four inch injection molded discs with a white, two component urethane automotive paint supplied by RED SPOT PAINTS. The paint is applied with a high volume, low pressure BINKS spray gun. The painted disks are based for 30 minutes at 80° C. The specimens are conditioned 24 hours and then tested using a crosshatch/tape adhesion test where a multibladed scribe is used to generate 100 squares (approximately 2 mm×2 mm per square) on the disks. A piece of tape (Scotch Brand 2040, 3M) is then applied over the squares and then the tape is pulled from the disk. The percentages denoted in the tables reflect the number of painted squares remaining after pulling the tape from the disk.

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 18A                                                        ______________________________________                                                                 JEFFAMINE ®                                          Sample TPO.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 M-2070 Phenol PP                               ______________________________________                                         1     99.7%    --       --         0.3%                                          2 84.7% -- -- 0.3% 15%                                                         3 79.7%  -- 0.3% 20%                                                           4 84.7% 15% -- 0.3%                                                            5 79.7% 20% -- 0.3%                                                            6 80.7% 15% 4% 0.3%                                                            7 78.7% 15% 6% 0.3%                                                            8 75.7% 20% 4% 0.3%                                                            9 73.7% 20% 6% 0.3%                                                            10  71.7% 20% 8% 0.3%                                                          11  80.7% 15% 4% 0.3%                                                          12  78.7% 15% 6% 0.3%                                                          13  75.7% 20% 4% 0.3%                                                          14  73.7% 20% 6% 0.3%                                                          15  71.7% 20% 8% 0.3%                                                        ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 HIMONT CA53A                                                            .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                       

                  TABLE 18B                                                        ______________________________________                                                      1       2       3     4     5                                     ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, MPa 578 725 736 686 741                                      Stress at Yield, MPa 19.1 23.3 24.1 22.6 24.4                                  Tensile Elongation, % 667 666 622 559 417                                      Tensile Strength, MPa 16.2 18.9 18.8 16.1 16.7                                 Young's Modulus, MPa 338 432 453 423 452                                       Notched Izod Impact, 554 493 382 100 72.9                                      J/m                                                                            -30° C., J/m 55.0 49.4 43.3 44.3 34.0                                   Unnotched Izod Impact, 839 1025 931 924 997                                    Jm                                                                             Falling Dart Impact                                                            Max Load, J/m 1430 1624 1652 1556 1485                                         Total E, J 21.6 23.7 25.6 23.1 16.0                                            DSC                                                                            Tm, ° C. 156 156 158 153 164                                            Delta H, J/g 61.8 63.5 72.0 9.7 78.2                                           Tc, ° C. 98.9 103 104 102 109                                           Delta H, J/g 69.5 79.1 80.8 74.8 81.6                                        ______________________________________                                            6 7 8 9 10                                                                  ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, MPa 643 560                                                  Stress at Yield, MPa 21.1 17.3                                                 Tensile Elongation, % 296 53                                                   Tensile Strength, MPa 15.3 13.2                                                Young's Modulus, MPa 390 364                                                   Notched Izod Impact, 154 363                                                   J/m                                                                            -30° C., J/m 33.2 33.7                                                  Unnotched Izod Impact, 828 651                                                 Jm                                                                             Falling Dart Impact                                                            Max Load, J/m 1406 1064 1247 1043 905                                          Total E, J 19.1 11.4 15.9 11.0 9.59                                            DSC                                                                            Tm, ° C. 152  151 150 150                                               Delta H, J/g 61.6  62.4 63.7 63.3                                              Tc, ° C. 101  102 103 103                                               Delta H, J/g 73.7  73.3 73.2 72.8                                            ______________________________________                                            11 12 13 14 15                                                              ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, MPa 586 572 579 596 648                                      Stress at Yield, MPa 18.2 17.4 18.5 18.8 19.8                                  Tensile Elongation, % 666 666 666 666 666                                      Tensile Strength, MPa 14.8 14.9 13.3 13.7 14.7                                 Young's Modulus, MPa 348 322 323 342 342                                       Hardness Shore D 57 56 57 57 56                                                Notched Izod Impact, 563 574 116 184 565                                       J/m                                                                            -30° C., J/m 40.9 34.9 34.4 27.0 29.0                                   Unnotched Izod Impact, 840 780 847 772 756                                     Jm                                                                             Falling Dart Impact                                                            Max Load, J/m 1541 1523 1505 1557 1539                                         Total E, J 22.8 23.0 20.7 21.9 23.0                                          ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 18Ci                                                       ______________________________________                                         ADHESION TEST                                                                          % Adhesion             % Adhesion                                             Test    Test   Test         Test Test Test                                SAMPLE 1 2 3 SAMPLE 1 2 3                                                    ______________________________________                                         PP      0       0           PP      0    2                                       1  0  2  1  0  0                                                               2 19 32  2  0  1                                                               3  5  1  3  1  5                                                               4 49 23 36 4  0  0                                                             5 61 57 59 5  0  0                                                             6 80 99 90 6 65 52 58                                                          7 100  78 89 7 26  5 16                                                        8 77 62 70 8 43 30 36                                                          9 91 90 90 9 90 98 94                                                          10  93 98 96 10  82 91  6                                                          11  80 94 87                                                             ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 18Cii                                                      ______________________________________                                         CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                                         S1                                                            (SAMPLE) W/IPA                                                               ______________________________________                                                 6      100%                                                               7 100%                                                                         9 100%                                                                        10  96%                                                                        11 100%                                                                        14 100%                                                                      ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 18Ciii                                                     ______________________________________                                         CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                                          S1       S2                                                  (SAMPLE) W/O IPA W/O IPA                                                     ______________________________________                                         11              97       100                                                     12  0  4                                                                       13 82 88                                                                       14 95 98                                                                       15  7  9                                                                     ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 19A                                                        ______________________________________                                                                    JEFFAMINE ®                                       Sample TPO.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 M-2070 Phenol                                  ______________________________________                                          1       99.7%   --        --        --                                           2 84.7% 15% -- 0.3%                                                            3 79.7% 20% -- 0.3%                                                            4 69.7% 30% -- 0.3%                                                            5 80.7% 15% 4% 0.3%                                                            6 78.7% 15% 6% 0.3%                                                            7 75.7% 20% 4% 0.3%                                                            8 73.7% 20% 6% 0.3%                                                            9 71.7% 20% 8% 0.3%                                                           10 65.7% 30% 4% 0.3%                                                           11 63.7% 30% 6% 0.3%                                                           12 61.7% 30% 8% 0.3%                                                           13 80.7% 15% 4% 0.3%                                                           14 78.7% 15% 6% 0.3%                                                           15 75.7% 20% 4% 0.3%                                                           16 73.7% 20% 6% 0.3%                                                           17 71.7% 20% 8% 0.3%                                                           18 65.7% 30% 4% 0.3%                                                           19 63.7% 30% 6% 0.3%                                                           20 61.7% 30% 8% 0.3%                                                         ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 HIMONT CA53A                                                            .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                       

                  TABLE 19B                                                        ______________________________________                                                      1       2       3     4     5                                     ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, MPa 1234 1314 1329 1379 1351                                 Stress at Yield, MPa 39.1 41.6 42.5 43.9 39.9                                  Tensile Elongation, % 186 59 18 10 159                                         Tensile Strength, MPa 25.3 25.9 26.4 26.5 25.1                                 Young's Modulus, MPa 694 732 790 809 715                                       Notched Izod Impact, 69.3 47.0 43.3 25.2 57.2                                  J/m                                                                            -30° C., J/m 33.5 19.1 17.7 16.5 18.8                                   Unnotched Izod Impact, 1413 1095 965 694 945                                   Jm                                                                             Falling Dart Impact                                                            Max Load, J/m 2096 2148 1010 344 1137                                          Total E, J 30.9 29.8 4.69 1.46 5.70                                            DSC                                                                            Tm, ° C. 166 165  164 165                                               Delta H, J/g 86.6 85.8  95.2 94.2                                              Tc, ° C. 109 109  110 109                                               Delta H, J/g 106 105  104 99.3                                               ______________________________________                                                        6      7      8    9    10   11                                 ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, MPa 1128 1253 1108 1017 1280 1186                            Stress at Yield, MPa 31.6 37 28.4 23 35.4 31.4                                 Tensile Elongation, % 11 19 8.8 8.3 8.3 6.9                                    Tensile Strength, MPa 20.8 24.1 20 17.6 22.8 20.4                              Young's Modulus, MPa 661 708 677 624 742 701                                   Notched Izod Impact, J/m 72.5 50.4 47.1 42.2 26.6 17.7                         -30° C., J/m 15.2 11.7 10.2 9.5 7.5 6.6                                 Unnotched Izod Impact, Jm 262 475 178 172 241 191                              Falling Dart Impact                                                            Max Load, J/m 630 356 329 368 219 220                                          Total E, J 3.53 1.63 2.66 2.37 1.2 1.23                                        DSC                                                                            Tm, ° C. 165 165 166 164 164 164                                        Delta H, J/g 93.9 97.3 95.7 91.4 97.7 93.5                                     Tc, ° C. 109 109 110 109 110 108                                        Delta H, J/g 98 101 7.1 96 101 97.3                                          ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 19C                                                        ______________________________________                                         ADHESION TEST                                                                  ______________________________________                                         % Adhesion                 % Adhesion                                                 Test    Test   Test         Test Test Test                                SAMPLE 1 2 3 SAMPLE 1 2 3                                                    ______________________________________                                           PP.sup.1  0  0  PP  0  2                                                       1  0  2  1  0  0                                                               2 19 32  2  0  1                                                               3  5  1  3  1  5                                                               4 49 23 36 4  0  0                                                             5 61 57    0  0                                                                6 80 99 90 6 65 52 58                                                          7 100  78 89 7 26  5 16                                                        8 77 62 70 8 43 30 36                                                          9 91 90 90 9 90 98 94                                                          10  93 98 36 10  82 91  6                                                          11  80 94 87                                                             ______________________________________                                         % Adhesion                % Adhesion                                           Sample                                                                               Test 1    Test 2  Sample  Test 1                                                                               Test 2                                   ______________________________________                                           13   0%   0%  13  0%  0%                                                       14  0%  0% 14  0%  6%                                                          15  1%  0% 15 20%  1%                                                          16  0% 11% 16  4% 36%                                                          17  0%  0% 17  0%  3%                                                          18 28% 17% 18 23% 26%                                                          19 22% 13% 19 13% 11%                                                          20 89% 62% 20 27% 21%                                                        ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 Control                                                           

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 20A                                                        ______________________________________                                                                JEFFAMINE ®                                                                          EP                                              Sample PP.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 M-2070 RUBBER.sup.3 Phenol                      ______________________________________                                         1     74.7%    5%      --        20%                                             2 69.7% 10% -- 20% 0.3%                                                        3 59.7% 15% -- 25% 0.3%                                                        4 70.7%  5% 4% 20% 0.3%                                                        5 68.7%  5% 6% 20% 0.3%                                                        6 66.7%  5% 8% 20% 0.3%                                                        7 65.7% 10% 4% 20% 0.3%                                                        8 63.7% 10% 6% 20% 0.3%                                                        9 61.7% 10% 8% 20% 0.3%                                                        10  55.7% 15% 4% 25% 0.3%                                                      11  53.7% 15% 6% 25% 0.3%                                                      12  51.7% 15% 8% 25% 0.3%                                                    ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 AMOCO 1016                                                              .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                             .sup.3 VISTALON                                                          

                  TABLE 20B                                                        ______________________________________                                                        1       2        3     4                                        ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, MPa 1342 1411 1333 1359                                      Stress at Yield, MPa 38.6 40.2 36.5 36.4                                       Tensile Elongation, % 168 140 173 451                                          Tensile Strength, MPa 25.2 25.4 22.7 22.5                                      Young's Modulus, MPa 731 750 699 671                                           Hardness, Shore D 66 69 64 67                                                  Notched Izod Impact, J/m 108 59 107 338                                        -30° C., J/m 17.6 16.6 18.0 23.1                                        Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m 1106 1199 1311 1252                                 Falling Dart Impact                                                            Maximum Load, J/m 2045 2035 1826 1879                                          -30° C., J/m 3417 3351 3122 2888                                        Total Energy, J 30.0 29.2 26.2 25.9                                            -30° C., J 41.9 34.6 39.4 22.2                                        ______________________________________                                            5 6 7 8                                                                     ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, MPa 1070 1029 1168 1064                                      Stress at Yield, MPa 29.6 28.0 31.6 28.3                                       Tensile Elongation, % 125 106 188 119                                          Tensile Strength, MPa 19.1 18.1 19.9 18.2                                      Young's Modulus, MPa 575 552 595 555                                           Hardness, Shore D 63 61 64 63                                                  Notched Izod Impact, J/m 361 444 273 286                                       -30° C., J/m 28.4 43.8 19.2 18.4                                        Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m 867 817 874 785                                     Falling Dart Impact                                                            Maximum Load, J/m 1710 1495 1858 1338                                          -30° C., J/m 920 595 2101 385                                           Total Energy, J 18.5 14.8 22.8 13.5                                            -30° C., J 30.5 2.19 12.4 1.58                                        ______________________________________                                            9 10 11 12                                                                  ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, MPa 1006 1078 968 915                                        Stress at Yield, MPa 26.4 28.8 26.4 24.0                                       Tensile Elongation, % 122 196 184 40                                           Tensile Strength, MPa 17.1 18.2 17.2 15.6                                      Young's Modulus, MPa 523 553 527 500                                           Hardness, Shore D 61 62 61 60                                                  Notched Izod Impact, J/m 256 277 240 127                                       -30° C., J/m 24.0 25.0 26.4 13.8                                        Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m 729 904 860 782                                     Falling Dart Impact                                                            Maximum Load, J/m 1024 1606 1317 1110                                          -30° C., J/m 339 1021 500 561                                           Total Energy, J 9.2 18.9 13.5 9.9                                              -30° C., J 1.74 4.31 2.50 2.69                                        ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 20C                                                        ______________________________________                                         CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                                    S1      S2      S1      S2                                         SAMPLE W/IPA W/IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA                                           ______________________________________                                         1         19%     20%        0%     2%                                           2 19% 44% 11% 13%                                                              3 50% 89% 99% 100%                                                             4 40% 59% 37% 52%                                                              5 29% 55%  5% 33%                                                              6 92% 100%   4% 39%                                                            7 82% 89% 28% 32%                                                              8 95% 100%  68% 100%                                                           9 97% 78% 70% 75%                                                              10  83% 100%  99% 100%                                                         11  99% 100%  82% 96%                                                          12  92% 100%  100%  100%                                                     ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 21A                                                        ______________________________________                                                                    JEFFAMINE ®                                       Sample TPO.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 M-2070 Phenol                                  ______________________________________                                         1       100%    --         --        0.3%                                        2 90% 10% -- 0.3%                                                              3 85% 15% -- 0.3%                                                              4 80% 20% -- --                                                                5 85.8% 10% 4% 0.2%                                                            6 83.8% 10% 6% 0.2%                                                            7 80.8% 15% 4% 0.2%                                                            8 78.8% 15% 6% 0.2%                                                            9 75.8% 20% 4% 0.2%                                                            10  73.8% 20% 6% 0.2%                                                          11  80.8% 15% 4% 0.2%                                                          12  78.8% 15% 6% 0.2%                                                          13  75.8% 20% 4% 0.2%                                                          14  73.8% 20% 6% 0.2%                                                        ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 DEXFLEX D161                                                            .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                       

                  TABLE 21B                                                        ______________________________________                                                      1       2       3     4     5                                     ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, MPa 944 985 1050 1101 857                                    Stress at Yield, MPa 25.1 27.4 29.3 30.7 23.9                                  Tensile Elongation, % 506 186 116 78 466                                       Tensile Strength, MPa 17.8 18.7 19.5 20.1 16.8                                 Young's Modulus, MPa 551 581 629 654 491                                       Hardness, Shore D 63 65 67 68 63                                               Notched Izod Impact, 576 343 84 54 475                                         J/m                                                                            -30° C., J/m 35.9 31.5 25.1 16.9 33.6                                   Unnotched Izod Impact, 1027 965 1174 1066 944                                  J/m                                                                            Falling Dart Impact                                                            Maximum Load, J/m 1669 1678 1703 1721 1509                                     -30° C., J/m 2980 3140 3094 2880 2397                                   Total E, J 24.1 22.8 22.7 21.8 21.9                                            -30° C., J 36.9 38.0 29.7 17.0 28.8                                   ______________________________________                                            6 7 8 9 10                                                                  ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, MPa 748 832 745 788 804                                      Stress at Yield, MPa 20.8 23.0 20.4 22.6 22.4                                  Tensile Elongation, % 71 100 31 26 18                                          Tensile Strength, MPa 14.7 16.1 14.5 16.3 15.0                                 Young's Modulus, MPa 445 486 451 492 460                                       Hardness, Shore D 61 64 451 61 60                                              Notched Izod Impact, 331 252 60 74 56                                          J/m                                                                            -30° C., J/m 37.8 22.2 144 17.2 18.3                                    Unnotched Izod Impact, 736 737 22.7 419 310                                    J/m                                                                            Falling Dart Impact                                                            Maximum Load, J/m 1340 1408 1047 1047 704                                      -30° C., J/m 550 422 356 411 339                                        Total E, J 15.1 15.7 9.0 7.4 5.1                                               -30° C., J 1.31 0.82 0.62 0.70 0.53                                   ______________________________________                                                        11      12       13    14                                       ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, MPa 892 802 945 874                                          Stress at Yield, MPa 26.2 23.7 27.1 25.4                                       Tensile Elongation, % 221 511 187 370                                          Tensile Strength, MPa 18.1 16.8 18.3 17.4                                      Young's Modulus, MPa 525 467 539 495                                           Hardness, Shore D 63 63 64 61                                                  Notched Izod Impact, J/m 159 511 99 118                                        -30° C., J/m 26.6 25.9 20.6 18.7                                        Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m 1020 934 1174 913                                   Falling Dart Impact                                                            Maximum Load, J/m 1610 1603 1591 1618                                          -30° C., J/m 2655 1541 1517 1259                                        Total E, J 22.4 23.6 19.1 19.5                                                 -30° C., J 20.8 5.45 6.24 4.88                                        ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 21C                                                        ______________________________________                                         CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                                    S1      S2      S1      S2                                         (SAMPLE) W/IPA W/IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA                                         ______________________________________                                         PP.sup.1  0.00    0.00      0.00                                                 1 3 18 78 27                                                                   2 63 63 94 48                                                                  3 79 59 62 100                                                                 4 0.00 14 87 83                                                                5 100 100 100 100                                                              6 100 100 100 100                                                              7 100 100 99 100                                                               8 100 100 97 100                                                               9 100 100 100 100                                                              10  100 100 100 100                                                            11  67 67 94 88                                                                12  62 62 10 22                                                                13  100 100 100 100                                                            14  100 100 100 100                                                          ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 Control.                                                          

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 22A                                                        ______________________________________                                                                    JEFFAMINE ®                                       Sample TPO.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 M-2070 Phenol                                  ______________________________________                                         1       100%    --         --        --                                          2 90% 10% -- --                                                                3 85% 15% -- --                                                                4 80% 20% -- --                                                                5 84.8% 10% 4% 0.2%                                                            6 83.8% 10% 6% 0.2%                                                            7 80.8% 15% 4% 0.2%                                                            8 78.8% 15% 6% 0.2%                                                            9 75.8% 20% 4% 0.2%                                                            10  73.8% 20% 6% 0.2%                                                          11  80.8% 15% 4% 0.2%                                                          12  78.8% 15% 6% 0.2%                                                          13  75.8% 20% 4% 0.2%                                                          14  73.8% 20% 6% 0.2%                                                        ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 STAMYLAN P                                                              .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                       

                  TABLE 22B                                                        ______________________________________                                                     1      2      3    4    5    6    7                                ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, 1053 1123 1185 1259 1100 1025 1040                           MPa                                                                            Stress at Yield, MPa 32.3 35.3 36.5 38.9 32.7 30.0 31.0                        Tensile Elongation, % 453 173 141 36 168 30 22                                 Tensile Strength, MPa 21.2 22.7 23.1 23.7 21.5 19.9 20.3                       Young's Modulus, 568 647 665 696 581 571 592                                   MPa                                                                            Notched Izod Impact, 716 607 159 118 519 482 219                               J/m                                                                            -30° C., J/m 7.4 43.5 34.7 23.5 37.0 47.8 33.5                          Unnotched Izod 1075 1246 1078 1124 911 853 629                                 Impact, J/m                                                                    Falling Dart Impact                                                            Maximum Load, J/m 1987 2002 2013 2052 1853 1614 1632                           -30° C., J/m 3562 3721 2804 1154 1464 461 503                           Total Energy, J 31.4 31.1 30.0 28.8 25.9 17.4 18.1                             -30° C., J 45.2 42.7 17.2 3.6 5.3 0.9 1.0                             ______________________________________                                            8 9 10 11 12 13 14                                                          ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, 995 1062 999 1107 1083 1131 1076                             MPa                                                                            Stress at Yield, MPa 26.9 30.8 28.4 33.9 32.2 34.0 32.5                        Tensile Elongation, % 14 15 11 218 483 80 230                                  Tensile Strength, MPa 18.3 19.9 18.5 21.4 20.1 21.7 20.8                       Young's Modulus, 542 582 560 587 517 619 582                                   MPa                                                                            Notched Izod Impact, 238 109 104 495 563 145 157                               J/m                                                                            -30° C., J/m 34.6 24.2 22.7 27.1 39.8 28.5 26.8                         Unnotched Izod 514 464 336 1029 1008 1004 863                                  Impact, J/m                                                                    Falling Dart Impact                                                            Maximum Load, J/m 1301 1003 1021 2017 2002 941 1878                            -30° C., J/m 460 455  3633 1244 1140 1193                               Total Energy, J 11.0 8.3 6.3 30.2 29.5 7.9 26.4                                -30° C., J 0.7 0.7  26.8 3.6 3.2 3.5                                  ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 22C                                                        ______________________________________                                         CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                        DISC SAMPLE  S1      S2     S1      S2                                         TAPE 3M.sup.1 3M NICHIBAN NICHIBAN                                             SAMPLE W/IPA W/IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA                                           ______________________________________                                         1           6%      0%       0%      3%                                          2  1%  0% 14%  1%                                                              3  1%  0%  7%  2%                                                              4  0%  6%  1% 15%                                                              5 45% 80% 83% 32%                                                              6 96% 98% 96% 100%                                                             7 88% 96% 82% 92%                                                              8 89% 78% 74% 96%                                                              9 94% 87% 100%  98%                                                            10  99% 100%  100%  100%                                                       11   3% 47% 20% 27%                                                            12   7%  1%  2%  3%                                                            13  38% 79% 35% 78%                                                            14  85% 65% 100%  97%                                                        ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 Scotch Brand 2040                                                 

                  TABLE 22C                                                        ______________________________________                                         CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                        DISC SAMPLE  S1      S2      S1     S2                                         SAMPLE W/IPA W/IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA                                           ______________________________________                                         1           4%      1%        5%     0%                                          2  0%  0%  7%  0%                                                              3  4%  0%  4% 10%                                                              4  9%  1% 17%  1%                                                              5 26% 79% 57% 46%                                                              6 95% 90% 93% 92%                                                              7 95% 89% 94% 89%                                                              8 83% 84% 97% 97%                                                              9 85% 94% 98% 96%                                                              10  96% 88% 99% 97%                                                            11  83% 58% 90% 71%                                                            12   0%  5%  8% 20%                                                            13  86% 95% 74% 92%                                                            14  97% 86% 92% 98%                                                            15.sup.1 98% 98% 100%  100%                                                  ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 Reactive extrusion product of 73% STAMYLAN P, 20% EPOLENE E43, 6%       Jeffamine ® M2070, and 0.2% Phenol.                                  

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 23A                                                        ______________________________________                                                                JEFFAMINE ®                                                                          EP                                              Sample PP.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 M-2070 RUBBER.sup.3 Phenol                      ______________________________________                                          1    69.7%   --       --        30%    0.3%                                      2 59.7% 10% -- 30% 0.3%                                                        3 56.7% 13% -- 30% 0.3%                                                        4 52.2%   17.5% -- 30% 0.3%                                                    5 57.7% 10% 2% 30% 0.3%                                                        6 55.7% 10% 4% 30% 0.3%                                                        7 53.7% 10% 6% 30% 0.3%                                                        8 54.7% 13% 2% 30% 0.3%                                                        9 52.7% 13% 4% 30% 0.3%                                                       10 50.7% 13% 6% 30% 0.3%                                                       11 50.2%   17.5% 2% 30% 0.3%                                                   12 48.2%   17.5% 4% 30% 0.3%                                                   13 46.2%   17.5% 6% 30% 0.3%                                                   14 57.7% 10% 2% 30% 0.3%                                                       15 55.7% 10% 4% 30% 0.3%                                                       16 53.7% 10% 6% 30% 0.3%                                                       17 54.7% 13% 2% 30% 0.3%                                                       18 52.7% 13% 4% 30% 0.3%                                                       19 50.7% 13% 6% 30% 0.3%                                                       20 50.2%   17.5% 2% 30% 0.3%                                                   21 48.2%   17.5% 4% 30% 0.3%                                                   22 46.2%   17.5% 6% 30% 0.3%                                                 ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 AMOCO 1016                                                              .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                             .sup.3 VISTALON 878                                                      

                  TABLE 23B                                                        ______________________________________                                                  1      2      3    4    5    6    7    8                              ______________________________________                                           Flexural 1064 1095 1166 1156 1062 843 741 959                                  Modulus, MPa 28.5 29.7 32.5 31.3 27.4 22.8 20.1 25.7                           Yield, MPa                                                                     Tensile 483 211 181 151 252 356 107 316                                        Elongation,                                                                    Tensile 19.5 19.7 20.2 19.2 18.1 15.2 13.7 16.6                                Strength, MPa                                                                  Young's 583 608 608 611 551 456 412 487                                        Modulus, MPa                                                                   Hardness, 64 63 65 64 61 60 59 59                                              Shore D                                                                        Notched Izod 576 436 252 161 510 449 450 427                                   Impact, J/m                                                                    -30° C., J/m 58.4 28.0 22.2 26.0 33.0 54.3 54.9 31.4                    Unnotched 979 957 976 867 955 847 815 819                                      Izod Impact,                                                                   J/m                                                                            Falling Dart                                                                   Impact                                                                         Max Load, J/m 1711 1760 1710 1607 1565 1431 1199 1514                          -30° C., J/m 3096 3236 3245 3177 3014 1487 802 2962                     Total Energy, 25.5 29.2 22.5 26.6 27.3 18.1 14.2 20.0                          J                                                                              -30° C., J 39.1 41.5 42.6 37.4 40.1 6.8 3.6 19.6                        Ductile/5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5                                                      -30° C./5 5 5 5 3 5 0 0 0                                             ______________________________________                                            9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16                                                      ______________________________________                                           Flexural 798 746 863 792 709 991 964 907                                       Modulus, MPa                                                                   Stress at 22.2 20.3 23.9 21.8 19.5 26.8 25.4 23.6                              Yield, MPa                                                                     Tensile 157 65 252 94 33 498 494 656                                           Elongation, %                                                                  Tensile 15.0 13.7 16.3 14.9 13.6 18.1 17.3 17.5                                Strength, MPa                                                                  Young's 437 387 476 436 408 503 479 437                                        Modulus, MPa                                                                   Hardness, 61 59 61 60 60 62 59 58                                              Shore D                                                                        Notched Izod 439 384 258 271 205 530 575 586                                   Impact, J/m                                                                    -30° C., J/m 40.9 31.0 25.5 28.6 29.8 49.8 33.9 56.1                    Unnotched 818 679 712 778 665 1146 1108 1012                                   Izod                                                                           Impact, J/m                                                                    Falling Dart                                                                   Impact                                                                         Max Load, J/m 1370 1224 1452 1258 1027 1649 1631 1554                          -30° C., J/m 1224 718 1229 580 487 3098 3096 3060                       Total Energy, J 16.1 14.6 18.6 13.9 11.9 24.0 23.6 23.8                        -30° C., J 5.0 3.4 5.8 2.6 3.4 40.0 40.1 39.8                           Ductile/5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5                                                      -30° C./5 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5                                             ______________________________________                                                        17     18     19   20   21   22                                 ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, MPa 986 946 921 964 922 889                                  Stress at Yield, MPa 27.2 25.0 23.5 26.4 24.8 23.0                             Tensile Elongation, % 511 578 605 87 109 202                                   Tensile Strength, MPa 1.67 16.0 15.7 17.7 16.7 16.2                            Young's Modulus, MPa 456 439 404 518 477 475                                   Hardness, Shore D 62 60 58 62 62 54                                            Notched Izod 463 549 594 209 357 551                                           Impact, J/m                                                                    -30° C., J/m 27.7 30.9 34.1 19.9 30.2 24.7                              Unnotched Izod 996 922 804 899 1011 774                                        Impact, J/m                                                                    Falling Dart                                                                   Impact                                                                         Max Load, J/m 1541 1602 1534 1484 1429 1418                                    -30° C., J/m 3199 3171 3131 2932 3215 3225                              Total Energy, J 20.9 22.8 22.2 18.2 18.4 20.6                                  -30° C., J 41.6 41.9 41.4 24.4 40.6 41.8                                Ductile/5 5 5 5 5 5 5                                                          -30° C.,/5 5 5 5 1 5 5                                                ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 23C                                                        ______________________________________                                         CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                                     S1      S2      S1     S2                                         (SAMPLE) W/IPA W/IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA                                         ______________________________________                                         PP.sup.1    0%                0%                                                  1  94%  72%  35%  1%                                                           2  74%  57%  73%  45%                                                          3  10%  25%  26%  36%                                                          4  80%  62%  16%  24%                                                          5  94%  97%  54%  94%                                                          6  99% 100%  94%  97%                                                          7 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                          8 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                          9 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                         10 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                         11 100% 100%  97% 100%                                                         12 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                         13  97%  95%  98% 100%                                                         14  94% 100%  69%  79%                                                         15  65%  59%  0%  0%                                                           16  39%  52%  0%  0%                                                           17 100% 100%  67%  71%                                                         18  85%  88%  8%  2%                                                           19  75%  43%  20%  3%                                                          20 100% 100%  99% 100%                                                         21 100% 100%  93% 100%                                                         22  83%  78%  2%  2%                                                         ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 Control                                                           

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 24A                                                        ______________________________________                                                                    JEFFAMINE ®                                       Sample TPO.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 M-2070 Phenol                                  ______________________________________                                         1       100%    --         --        --                                          2  90% 10% -- --                                                               3  85% 15% -- --                                                               4  80% 20% -- --                                                               5  85.8% 10% 4% 0.2%                                                           6  83.8% 10% 6% 0.2%                                                           7  80.8% 15% 4% 0.2%                                                           8  78.8% 15% 6% 0.2%                                                           9  75.8% 20% 4% 0.2%                                                           10   73.8% 20% 6% 0.2%                                                         11   80.8% 15% 4% 0.2%                                                         12   78.8% 15% 6% 0.2%                                                         13   75.8% 20% 4% 0.2%                                                         14   73.8% 20% 6% 0.2%                                                       ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 KELTAN TP 05522                                                         .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                       

                  TABLE 24B                                                        ______________________________________                                                     1      2      3    4    5    6    7                                ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, 915 971 1034 1076 799 724 780                                MPa                                                                            Stress at Yield, MPa 23.1 25.5 27.6 28.4 21.5 18.4 21.1                        Tensile Elongation, % 529 61 36 16 38 20 17                                    Tensile strength, 15.6 16.1 16.6 17.0 14.8 13.4 14.8                           MPa                                                                            Young's Modulus, 504 534 570 588 459 432 461                                   MPa                                                                            Hardness, 61 61 63 64 58 56 58                                                 Shore D                                                                        Notched Izod 669 551 160 111 486 402 413                                       Impact, J/m                                                                    -30° C., J/m 700 101 71.3 56.7 96.4 75.6 70.6                           Unnotched Izod 944 877 942 937 810 706 805                                     Impact, J/m                                                                    Falling Dart Impact                                                            Max Load, J/m 1695 1732 1399 1747 1522 1178 1453                               -30° C., J/m 2912 3013 3110 2932 1389 529 839                           Total Energy, J 27.8 26.9 21.0 22.2 19.0 14.4 17.8                             -30° C., J 40.5 40.6 29.9 18.6 5.4 4.2 4.3                              Ductile/5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5                                                        -30° C./5 5 5 1 0 0 0 0                                               ______________________________________                                            8 9 10 11 12 13 14                                                          ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, 718 812 760 863 798 871 845                                  MPa                                                                            Stress at Yield, MPa 19.0 21.7 19.9 22.8 21.6 23.4 22.9                        Tensile Elongation, % 12 11 11 82 478 65 92                                    Tensile strength, MPa 13.7 15.0. 13.9 1S.7 15.6 16.3 16.1                      Young's Modulus, 441 487 462 473 463 486 478                                   MPa                                                                            Hardness, Shore D 56 59 58 62 59 61 61                                         Notched Izod 438 128 200 519 620 147 166                                       Impact, J/m                                                                    -30° C., J/m 42.3 38.4 29.1 61.7 44.1 50.8 37.7                         Unnotched Izod 570 574 374 850 855 905 828                                     Impact, J/m                                                                    Falling Dart Impact                                                            Max Load, J/m 1155 1284 924 1544 1579 1516 1544                                -30° C., J/m 454 545 487 2989 2300 2287 1526                            Total Energy, J 13.2 10.7 6.7 19.9 24.4 16.3 21.1                              -30° C., J 3.4 2.9 3.6 22.3 12.0 10.8 10.4                              Ductile/5 5 0 0 5 5 0 5                                                        -30° C./5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                               ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 24C                                                        ______________________________________                                         CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                                     S1      S2      S1     S2                                         (SAMPLE) W/IPA W/IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA                                         ______________________________________                                         PP.sup.1    0%                0%                                                 1  96%  88%  86%  90%                                                          2  72%  75%  53%  24%                                                          3  69%  41%  43%  10%                                                          4  41%  15%  40%  3%                                                           5 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                          6 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                          7 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                          8 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                          9 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                          10  100% 100%  99% 100%                                                        11  100% 100% 100% 100%                                                        12   98% 100%  78%  3%                                                         13  100%  88% 100% 100%                                                        14  100% 100% 100% 100%                                                        15.sup.2 100% 100%                                                           ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 Control                                                                 .sup.2 Reactive extrusion product of 73% STAMYLAN P, 20% EPOLENE E43, 6%       Jeffamine ® M2070, and 0.2% Phenol.                                  

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 25A                                                        ______________________________________                                         Sample                                                                               PP.sup.1 MAl-PP.sup.2                                                                            AMINE.sup.3                                                                           EP RUBBER.sup.4                                                                         Phenol                                 ______________________________________                                         1     74.7%     5%      --     20%      0.3%                                     2 69.7% 10% -- 20% 0.3%                                                        3 59.7% 15% -- 25% 0.3%                                                        4 70.7%  5% 4% 20% 0.3%                                                        5 68.7%  5% 6% 20% 0.3%                                                        6 66.7%  5% 8% 20% 0.3%                                                        7 65.7% 10% 4% 20% 0.3%                                                        8 63.7% 10% 6% 20% 0.3%                                                        9 61.7% 10% 8% 20% 0.3%                                                        10  55.7% 15% 4% 25% 0.3%                                                      11  53.7% 15% 6% 25% 0.3%                                                      12  51.7% 15% 8% 25% 0.3%                                                    ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 AMOCO 1016                                                              .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                             .sup.3 A polyether monoamine containing 40 ethylene oxide units and 2.4        propylene oxide units, generally of the formula shown in the Glossary for      JEFFAMINE ™ M2070                                                           .sup.4 VISTALON 878                                                      

                  TABLE 25B                                                        ______________________________________                                                        1      2      3    4    5    6                                  ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, MPa 1233 1218 1134 1197 1098 994                             Stress at Yield, MPa 35.1 35.2 31.7 33.0 30.9 28.6                             Tensile Elongation, % 189 182 148 159 262 116                                  Tensile Strength, MPa 23.7 23.6 21.3 22.0 20.3 18.4                            Young's Modulus, MPa 642 648 612 618 580 527                                   Hardness, Shore D 64 65 63 65 63 62                                            Notched Izod Impact, J/m 128 82 100 282 451 470                                -30° C., J/m 15.2 16.2 17.2 16.0 15.6 23.1                              Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m 1056 1237 1144 1091 969 981                         Falling Dart Impact                                                            Max Load, J/m 1915 1848 1728 1788 1753 1408                                    -30° C., J/m 3480 3496 3325 2495 2191 479                               Total Energy, J 27.0 25.2 22.2 22.9 22.5 14.2                                  -30° C., J 43.5 40.0 42.2 20.4 9.6 2.0                                  Ductile/5 5 5 5 5 5 5                                                          -30° C./5 5 4 5 2 0 0                                                 ______________________________________                                            7 8 9 10 11 12                                                              ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, MPa 1161 1029 970 976 922 910                                Stress at Yield, MPa 32.1 29.2 28.5 26.8 25.6 25.3                             Tensile Elongation, % 374 240 118 376 474 185                                  Tensile Strength, MPa 20.5 18.9 18.3 17.7 16.0 17.0                            Young's Modulus, MPa 570 552 521 505 469 486                                   Hardness, Shore D 64 61 60 61 60 60                                            Notched Izod Impact, J/m 366 383 315 391 425 341                               -30° C., J/m 17.9 16.8 19.2 20.2 19.8 17.6                              Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m 893 781 854 857 799 827                             Falling Dart Impact                                                            Max Load, J/m 1787 1449 1046 1546 1252 995                                     -30° C., J/m 3079 588 542 1668 676 492                                  Total Energy, J 23.5 14.8 10.2 18.4 13.2 10.0                                  -30° C., J 20.8 2.6 2.6 7.0 2.6 2.2                                     Ductile/5 5 5 5 5 5 5                                                          -30° C./5 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 25C                                                        ______________________________________                                         CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                      ______________________________________                                         DISC                                                                             SAMPLE S1  S2 S1 S2                                                            TAPE 3M.sup.1  3M NICHIBAN NICHIBAN                                            SAMPLE W/O IPA  W/O IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA                                        pp.sup.2 0%   1%                                                               1 8% 4% 1% 12% 49%                                                             2 1% 2% 4% 39% 43%                                                             3 87% 90% 91% 97% 100%                                                         4 49% 53% 57% 87% 95%                                                          5 98% 98% 97% 100% 100%                                                        6 99% 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                      7 100% 100% 99% 100% 100%                                                      8 98% 99% 100% 100% 100%                                                       9 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                     10 100%  100% 100% 100%                                                        11 100%  100% 100% 100%                                                        12 100%  100% 100% 100%                                                      ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 Scotch Brand 2040                                                       .sup.2 Control                                                           

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 26A                                                        ______________________________________                                                                    JEFFAMINE ®                                       Sample TPO.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2 M-2070 Phenol                                  ______________________________________                                         1       100%    --         --        --                                          2 90% 10% -- --                                                                3 85% 15% -- --                                                                4 80% 20% -- --                                                                5 85.8% 10% 4% 0.2%                                                            6 83.8% 10% 6% 0.2%                                                            7 80.8% 15% 4% 0.2%                                                            8 78.8% 15% 6% 0.2%                                                            9 75.8% 20% 4% 0.2%                                                            10  73.8% 20% 6% 0.2%                                                          11  80.8% 15% 4% 0.2%                                                          12  78.8% 15% 6% 0.2%                                                          13  75.8% 20% 4% 0.2%                                                          14  73.8% 20% 6% 0.2%                                                        ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 KELTAN TP 2632                                                          .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                       

                  TABLE 26B                                                        ______________________________________                                                     1      2      3    4    5    6    7                                ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, 1648 1838 1863 1895 1S37 1314 1415                           MPa                                                                            Stress at Yield, MPa 26.9 32.7 33.9 34.2 27.5 23.8 25.7                        Tensile Elongation, % 93 6 4 2 9 9 6                                           Tensile Strength, MPa 1S.9 18.7 19.0 18.9 17.0 15.4 15.9                       Young's Modulus, 876 1007 1065 1080 B81 779 802                                MPa                                                                            Hardness, Shore D 63 64 64 64 62 57 60                                         Notched Izod Impact, 518 56 98 23 126 204 63                                   J/m                                                                            -30° C., J/m 146 36 24 14 27 32 19                                      Unnotched Izod 1147 923 691 327 920 508 417                                    Impact, J/m                                                                    Falling Dart Impact                                                            Max Load, J/m 1496 1644 1628 1222 1408 1044 916                                -30° C., J/m 2499 2662 2371 799 1040 597 566                            Total Energy, J 22.0 21.1 20.1 9.72 16.7 10.1 8.45                             -30° C., J 34.7 21.6 13.1 5.14 3.61 3.15 2.96                           Ductile/5 5 5 5 0 3 5 0                                                        -30° C./5 5 0 0 0 0 0                                                 ______________________________________                                            8 9 10 11 12 13 14                                                          ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, 1285 1439 1261 1356 1173 1479 1323                           MPa                                                                            Stress at Yield, MPa 22.8 25.8 22.6 27.6 26.1 28.7 27.0                        Tensile Elongation, % 6 4 5 8 10 4 6                                           Tensile Strength, MPa 15.0 16.4 14.9 17.7 17.4 17.4 17.0                       Young's Modulus, 767 887 777 738 663 862 743                                   MPa                                                                            Hardness, Shore D 59 60 60 62 60 61 59                                         Notched Izod 58 27 31 55 92 32 40                                              Impact, J/m                                                                    -30° C., J/m 16 13 12 22 22 15 18                                       Unnotched Izod 313 334 222 691 812 632 771                                     Impact, J/m                                                                    Falling Dart Impact                                                            Max Load, J/m 719 492 334 1548 1555 929 1200                                   -30° C., J/m 518 487 472 1923 1161 616 812                              Total Energy, J 5.92 4.02 2.71 18.9 19.0 7.08 10.8                             -30° C., J 3.07 2.63 2.82 7.76 5.34 3.85 4.00                           Ductile/5 0 0 0 4 5 0 0                                                        -30° C./5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                               ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 26C                                                        ______________________________________                                         CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                      ______________________________________                                         DISC SAMPLE                                                                               S1       S2       S1      S2                                          TAPE 3M.sup.1 3M NICHIBAN NICHIBAN                                             SAMPLE W/IPA W/IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA                                             PP.sup.2 0%  0%                                                                1 77% 84% 65% 92%                                                              2 32% 0% 22% 5%                                                                3 1% 4% 8% 8%                                                                  4 0% 0% 7% 13%                                                                 5 100% 100% 99% 96%                                                            6 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                          7 100% 100% 95% 82%                                                            8 100% 100% 88% 100%                                                           9 99% 98% 100% 100%                                                            10 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                         11 100% 96% 100% 93%                                                           12 74% 19% 57% 77%                                                             13 83% 62% 100% 64%                                                            14 91% 84% 91% 93%                                                           ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 Scotch Brand 2040                                                       .sup.2 Control                                                           

EXAMPLE 27

                  TABLE 27A                                                        ______________________________________                                         Sample  TPO.sup.1                                                                              MAL-PP.sup.2                                                                              AMINE.sup.3                                                                           Phenol  PP.sup.4                             ______________________________________                                         1       99.7%   --         --     0.3%                                           2 84.7% -- -- 0.3% 15%                                                         3 79.7% -- -- 0.3% 20%                                                         4 89.7% 10% -- 0.3%                                                            5 84.7% 15% -- 0.3%                                                            6 79.7% 20% -- 0.3%                                                            7 85.7% 10% 4% 0.3%                                                            8 83.7% 10% 6% 0.3%                                                            9 80.7% 15% 4% 0.3%                                                            10 78.7% 15% 6% 0.3%                                                           11 75.7% 20% 4% 0.3%                                                           12 73.7% 20% 6% 0.3%                                                           13 71.7% 20% 8% 0.3%                                                         ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 HIMONT CA53A                                                            .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                             .sup.3 A polyether monoamine containing 40 ethylene oxide units and 2.4        propylene oxide units, generally of the formula shown in the Glossary for      JEFFAMINE ® M2070                                                          .sup.4 AMOCO 1016                                                        

                  TABLE 27B                                                        ______________________________________                                                     1      2      3    4    5    6    7                                ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, 510 646 705 588 664 734 546                                  MPa                                                                            Stress at Yield, MPa 15.8 19.8 21.4 18.7 20.6 22.7 17.2                        Tensile Elongation, % 666 666 666 666 666 484 531                              Tensile Strength, 14.6 17.0 18.1 14.6 14.6 15.5 12.3                           MPa                                                                            Young's Modulus, 284 368 394 340 375 414 310                                   MPa                                                                            Hardness, Shore D 58 60 60 59 61 62 57                                         Notched Izod 589 582 597 529 398 94 499                                        Impact, J/m                                                                    -30° C., J/m 65 47 38 38 37 37 40                                       Unnotched Izod 722 867 841 727 882 958 704                                     Impact, J/m                                                                    Falling Dart Impact                                                            Max Load, J/m 1428 1589 1632 1486 1513 1529 1334                               -30° C., J/m 3007 3335 3506 3290 3278 2610 889                          Total Energy, J 20.6 22.6 23.4 20.9 20.6 21.1 16.0                             -30° C., J 39.4 39.3 44.6 43.0 38.S 18.0 3.7                            Ductile/5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5                                                        -30° C./5 5 4 5 5 4 0 0                                               ______________________________________                                            8 9 10 11 12 13                                                             ______________________________________                                           Flexural Modulus, 502 529 618 603 591 653                                      MPa                                                                            Stress at Yield, MPa 16.4 16.9 18.6 18.8 18.5 19.6                             Tensile Elongation, % 208 245 170 138 37 43                                    Tensile strength, MPa 11.7 12.2 13.0 13.5 13.5 13.8                            Young's Modulus, 299 309 355 348 354 381                                       MPa                                                                            Hardness, Shore D 52 58 57 52 57 59                                            Notched Izod 443 437 445 310 162 90                                            Impact, J/m                                                                    -30° C., J/m 46 35 36 28 25 22                                          unnotched Izod 601 642 B34 871 732 789                                         Impact, J/m                                                                    Falling Dart Impact                                                            Max Load, J/m 1180 1255 1207 1263 1205 908                                     -30° C., J/m 760 2344 1505 1018 911 688                                 Total Energy, J 12.9 14.1 14.2 14.4 13.2 7.0                                   -30° C., J 3.2 12 6.3 3.3 3.1 3.1                                       Ductile/5 5 5 5 5 S 0                                                          -30° C./5 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 27C                                                        ______________________________________                                         CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                      ______________________________________                                         DISC SAMPLE                                                                               S1       S2       S1      S2                                          TAPE 3M.sup.1 3M NICHIBAN NICHIBAN                                             SAMPLE W/O IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA W/O IPA                                         PP.sup.2 5%  2%                                                                1 29% 67% 74% 92%                                                              2 66% 76% 81% 84%                                                              3 61% 73% 78% 61%                                                              4 100% 98% 100% 98%                                                            5 96% 100% 100% 99%                                                            6 85% 94% 91% 96%                                                              7 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                          8 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                          9 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                          10 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                         11 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                         12 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                         13 100% 100% 100% 100%                                                       ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 Scotch Brand 2040                                                       .sup.2 Control                                                           

Examples 18-27 demonstrate that TPO modified with the reaction product of maleated PP and polyether amines of this invention provides a composition that is directly paintable. This paintability is surprising and unexpected in that the TPO's used to make automotive body parts, such as bumper fascias, are not directly readily paintable to a commercially acceptable level. Heretofore, in order to render automotive TPO based molded body parts paintable, the parts were treated with an adhesion promoter comprised of low molecular weight chlorinated polyethylene and a solvent, which results in a toxic waste stream that must be properly disposed of, and which adds to the cost of the parts. Alternatively, the parts could be heat treated using plasma irradiation, or otherwise partially burning the surface of the parts. This procedure is also expensive and may be, moreover, prone to variability in result owing to batch to batch variances from procedure and errors by the operator.

Compositions prepared in accordance with the practice of the present invention generally may be directly painted, with or without a primer, such that the paint adhesion is greater than about 75 percent based on the testing procedure described above for Examples 18-27, preferably greater than about 85 percent, more preferably greater than about 90 percent, and most preferably greater than about 95 percent.

Compositions prepared in accordance with the present invention may be used to prepare molded articles of manufacture using conventional, well known, molding techniques under standard conditions. For instance, standard injection molding techniques can be employed. Certain compositions (blends) of the present invention have surprisingly been found to have improved flowability characteristics during injection molding of TPO-based compositions such that less pressure may be used when injecting the melted compositions into a mold, as compared to compositions in which polyetheramine is absent. The desired shape of the molded article may vary depending on end use of the article. For instance, rubber containing compositions of the present invention may be injection molded to manufacture automotive body parts such as bumper fascias.

GLOSSARY

JEFFAMINE M-1000 ##STR4## JEFFAMINE M-2070 and JEEEFFAMINE M-2005 ##STR5## where R═H, CH₃, m is from about 3 to 32, and n is from about 10 to 32.

JEFFAMINE D-2000. JEFFAMINE D-4000 and JEFFAMINE D-400 ##STR6## where x is about 33 for D-2000, x is about 68 for D-4000 and x is about 5.6 for D-400.

JEFFAMINE ED-600. JEFFAMINE ED-900. JEFFAMINE ED-2001. JEFFAMINE ED-4000, and JEFFAMINE ED-6000 ##STR7## where b is about 8.5 and a+c is about 2.5 for ED-600, b is about 15.5 and a+c is about 2.5 for ED-900, b is about 40.5 and a+c is about 2.5 for ED-20-1, b is about 86.0 and a+c is about 2.5 for ED-4000, and b is about 132.0 and a+c is about 3.0 for ED-6000.

JEFFAMINE T-3000 and JEFFAMINE T-5000 ##STR8## where x+y+z=50 for T-3000 and x+y+z=83 for T-5000. JEFFAMINE ET-3000 ##STR9## where x+y+z=57 and a+b+c=4. 

We claim:
 1. A reaction product of a functionalized polypropylene and a polyetheramine having a molecular weight in the range from about 1,000 to about 3,000.
 2. The reaction product of claim 1 wherein the functionalized polypropylene is maleated polypropylene.
 3. The reaction product of claim 1 wherein the polyetheramine is a monoamine.
 4. The reaction product of claim 1 wherein the polyetheramine is a diamine.
 5. The reaction product of claim 1 wherein the polyetheramine is a monoamine is prepared from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide wherein the amount of ethylene oxide in the polyetheramine on a molar basis is greater than about 75 percent.
 6. The reaction product of claim 5 wherein the amount of ethylene oxide is greater than about 90 percent.
 7. The reaction product of claim 1 wherein the polyetheramine is prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or combination thereof.
 8. The reaction product of claim 1 wherein the functionalized polypropylene is maleated polypropylene having a number average molecular weight of from about 3,000 to about 20,000.
 9. The reaction product of claim 1 wherein the polyetheramine is prepared from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with the amount of ethylene oxide in the polyetheramine being greater than about 50 percent.
 10. The reaction product of claim 1 wherein the polyetheramine has a molecular weight of from about 1,500 to about 2,000 and is a monoamine or a diamine.
 11. A composition comprising:polypropylene; an elastomer; and the reaction product of functionalized polypropylene and polyetheramine, wherein the polyetheramine has a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 3,000.
 12. The composition of claim 11 wherein the polyetheramine is a monoamine.
 13. The composition of claim 11 wherein the polyetheramine is a diamine.
 14. The composition of claim 11 wherein the polyetheramine is a monoamine selected from the group having a molecular weight from about 200 to
 400. 15. The composition of claim 11 wherein the polyetheramine has a molecular weight of from about 1,500 to about 2,000 and is a monoamine or a diamine.
 16. The composition of claim 11 wherein the functionalized polypropylene is maleated polypropylene. 